Hypoxia and hypoxemia
Hypoxic respiratory failure is a general term used to describe ineffective gas exchange across the lungs by the respiratory system. The arterial blood gas should be used to determine the presence of respiratory failure.
Hypoxemic respiratory failure is a syndrome in which the respiratory system fails in one or both of its gas exchange functions: oxygenation or carbon dioxide elimination. In practice, respiratory failure is defined as a PaO2 value of less than 60 mm Hg while breathing air or a PaCO2 of more than 50 mm Hg. Respiratory failure is further defined as acute or chronic. While acute respiratory failure is characterized by life-threatening derangements in arterial blood gases and acid-base status, the manifestations of chronic respiratory failure are less dramatic and may not be as readily apparent. Hypoxemic respiratory failure may be caused by disorders in the heart, lung or blood. It should also be noted that tissue hypoxia is also a function of heart and blood.
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