The low temperature is used in cryoconservation for the long term preservation of blood, blood components, other cells, body fluids or tissue samples.

In cryosurgery, medical nitrogen can be used, for example, for minor surgical procedures such as the obliteration of warts in dermatology.
It is also used as a component in many gas mixtures and as a displacement medium for sterile equipment, non-oxidizing displacement medium in pharmaceutical vials and as a propellant in pressurized aerosol dispensers. Medical nitrogen provides a source of pneumatic pressure for powering gas-operated medical devices and as a coolant for carbon dioxide surgical lasers.